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Powering a City? It's a Breeze

　　The graceful wooden windmills that have broken up the flat Dutch landscape for centuries—a national symbol like wooden shoes and tulips—yielded long ago to ungainly metal-pole turbines.

　　Now, windmills are breaking into a new frontier. Though still in its teething stages, the “urban turbine” is a high-tech windmill designed to generate energy from the rooftops of busy citles. Lighter, quieter, and often more efficient than rural counterparts, they take advantage of the extreme turbulence and rapid shifts in direction that characterize urban wind patterns.

　　Prototypes have been successfully tested in several Dutch cities, and the city government in the Hague has recently agreed to begin a large-scale deployment in 2003. Current models cost US$8,000 to US$12,000 and can generate between 3,000 and 7,000 kilowatt hours of electricity per year. a typical Dutch household uses 3,500 kilowatt hours per year, while in the United States, this figure jumps to around 10,000 kilowatt hours.

　　But so far, they are being designed more for public or commercial buildings than for private homes. The smallest of the current models weigh roughly 200 kilograms and can be installed on a roof in a few hours without using a crane.

　　Germany, Finland and Denmark have also been experimenting with the technology, but the ever-practical Dutch are natural pioneers in urban wind power mainly because of the lack of space. The Netherlands, with 16 million people crowded into a country twice the size of Slovenia, is the most densely populated in Europe.

　　Problems remain, however, for example, public safety concerns, and so strict standards should be applied to any potential manufacturers. Vibrations are the main problem in skyscraper-high turbine. People don't know what it would be like to work there, in an office next to one of the big turbines. It might be too hectic.

　　Meanwhile, projects are under way to use minimills to generate power for lifeboats, streetlights, and portable generators. “I think the thing about wind power is that you can use it in a whole range of situations,” said Corin Millais, of the European Wind Energy Association. “It's a very local technology, and you can use it right in you backyard. I don't think anybody wants a nuclear power plant in their backyard.”

　　1. What are the symbols of Netherlands according to the first paragraph?

　　A. The flat landscape.

　　B. Wooden shoes and wooden windmills.

　　C. Metal-pole turbines.

　　D. Both A and B.

　　2. Which statement is best describes the urban turbine mentioned in the second paragraph?

　　A. It is a windmill put on rooftops of buildings for energy generation.

　　B. It is a high-tech machine designed to generate energy for urban people.

　　C. It is light and quiet and therefore more efficient.

　　D. It is driven by urban wind.

　　3. The smallest models of an urban turbine

　　A. is designed for private homes.

　　B. weighs 2,000 kilograms.

　　C. can be carried up to the rooftop without a crane.

　　D. can be installed with a crane.

　　4. The Netherlands leads in the urban turbine technology because

　　A. the Dutch are natural pioneers.

　　B. the Dutch have a tradition with windmills.

　　C. Netherlands is windier than Germany, Finland and Slovenia.

　　D. Netherlands is a small country with a large population.

　　5. According to the last paragraph, what are the advantages of wind power technology?

　　A. It can be used for different purposes.

　　B. It can replace nuclear power plant.

　　C. It can be in stalled in one's backyard.

　　D. It can be installed in one's backyard.

　　1.题目：What are the symbols of Netherlands according to the first paragraph?

　　答案：B) Wooden shoes and wooden windmills.

　　2.题目：Which statement is best describes the urban turbine mentioned in the second paragraph?

　　答案：B) It is a high-tech machine designed to generate energy for urban people.

　　3.题目：The smallest models of an urban turbine

　　答案：C) can be carried up to the rooftop without a crane.

　　4. 题目：Netherlands leads in the urban turbine technology because

　　答案：A) Netherlands is a small country with a large population.

　　5.题目：According to the last paragraph, what are the advantages of wind power technology?

　　答案：A) It can be used for different purposes and installed in one's back yard.

　　译文：

　　风力发电?轻而易举

　　与木鞋、郁金香一起被视为荷兰象征的风车，在荷兰平原上优雅地矗立了几个世纪，可是，它的作用早已为笨拙的金属涡轮所代替。

　　现在，风车已经进入了一个新的疆域。虽然还处于萌芽阶段，城镇使用的涡轮机已经是一种高科技的风车，它们从大城市的平顶房上产生能量。它们利用了城市中的风所特有的乱流和快速转向，比起乡村风车来，更轻，更安静，更有效率。

　　这种风车的样品已经成功地在荷兰的几个城市得到测试。海牙市政府最近已经同意在2003年开始大规模发展这种风车。目前的风车模型大约花费8000到112000美元，每年能够产生3000到7000千瓦时的电。一个典型的荷兰家庭每年使用3500千瓦时的电，而在美国，这个数字则要上千到大约10000千瓦时。

　　但是到目前为止，这些风车的设计更适合于公共或商务设施，而不是家庭。目前最小的风车模型大约有200公斤重，而且不需要吊车就可以将它安装在屋顶。

　　德国、芬兰和丹麦都已经开始这项技术的实验，但是，荷兰的空间狭小使得它在城市风力发电上始终是最实际的先驱。荷兰拥有1600万的人口，是斯洛文尼亚的两倍，是欧洲人口密度的国家。

　　尽管如此，问题仍然存在。比如，公共安全问题，以及对潜在的制造商制定严格的标准。高耸入云的涡轮机最主要的问题是振动。人们无法想像在一个巨大的涡轮机旁边的办公室里如何工作。那一定是闹哄哄。

　　与此同时，使用小型风车为救生船、路灯和便携式发电同提供能量的计划也在进行之中。“我认为使用风力就是能让人在任何情况下都可以使用。”欧洲风能协会的CorinMillais说，“这是一种因地制宜的技术，人们能在自己家的后院使用。我想没有人希望自己家的后院里是一个核电站。”

小编：二月